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Internet Technologies Notes Unit 1 – 10
Unit 1: Internet Basics
The “Internet” is a vast network that interconnects computers and devices worldwide, enabling seamless communication and information sharing.
Unit 2: Electronic Mail
“Electronic Mail”, commonly known as email, is a method of exchanging digital messages over the Internet.
Unit 3: World Wide Web
The “World Wide Web” (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet using web browsers.
Unit 4: Introduction to Languages and Servers
“Introduction to Languages and Servers” focuses on understanding programming languages and server technologies essential for web and application development.
Unit 5: Privacy and security
“Privacy and security” are critical aspects of the digital world, focusing on protecting user data and ensuring safe interactions online.
Syllabus of Internet Technologies
Unit 1: Introduction to Internet Technologies
Internet Basics
- History and evolution of the Internet.
- Internet architecture and infrastructure.
- Key concepts: IP addresses, domain names, DNS, and URL.
Internet Services
- Email, WWW (World Wide Web), FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
- Search engines, web browsers, and web servers.
Unit 2: Web Technologies
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
- Structure of an HTML document.
- HTML elements and attributes.
- Forms and controls.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
- Syntax and selectors.
- Inline, internal, and external CSS.
- Box model, positioning, and layout.
Unit 3: Client-Side Scripting
JavaScript
- Basics of JavaScript: syntax, variables, operators.
- Functions, events, and event handling.
- DOM (Document Object Model) manipulation.
Advanced JavaScript
- ES6 features: let/const, arrow functions, promises.
- AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML).
- JavaScript frameworks/libraries: jQuery, React.
Unit 4: Server-Side Scripting
Introduction to Server-Side Scripting
- Role of server-side scripting in web development.
- Comparison between client-side and server-side scripting.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)
- Syntax, variables, and operators.
- Control structures, functions, and forms handling.
- Sessions, cookies, and file handling.
Other Server-Side Technologies
- Introduction to ASP.NET, Node.js, and Python (Django, Flask).
Unit 5: Databases and SQL
Introduction to Databases
- Importance of databases in web development.
- Types of databases: relational vs. non-relational.
SQL (Structured Query Language)
- Basics: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
- Joins, subqueries, and indexes.
Database Integration
- Connecting databases to web applications.
- CRUD operations with PHP and MySQL.
Unit 6: Web Hosting and Deployment
Web Hosting
- Types of web hosting: shared, VPS, dedicated, cloud.
- Domain registration and DNS configuration.
Deployment
- FTP and SFTP for file transfer.
- Version control with Git and GitHub.
- Deployment platforms: Heroku, AWS, Azure.
Unit 7: Web Security
Introduction to Web Security
- Importance of security in web applications.
- Common security threats: XSS, SQL injection, CSRF.
Security Best Practices
- Input validation and sanitization.
- Authentication and authorization.
- Using HTTPS and SSL/TLS.
Unit 8: Advanced Web Technologies
Web APIs and Services
- RESTful APIs and SOAP.
- JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
WebSockets
- Real-time web communication with WebSockets.
- Implementing WebSockets in web applications.
Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)
- Characteristics of PWAs.
- Service workers and offline capabilities.
- Installing and deploying PWAs.
Unit 9: Content Management Systems (CMS)
Introduction to CMS
- What is a CMS and its advantages?
- Popular CMS platforms: WordPress, Joomla, Drupal.
Using WordPress
- Installing and setting up WordPress.
- Themes, plugins, and customizations.
- Managing content and users.
Unit 10: Future Trends in Internet Technologies
Emerging Web Technologies
- WebAssembly, Web Components.
- Serverless architecture.
Internet of Things (IoT)
- Role of IoT in the future of the internet.
- IoT protocols and standards.
Artificial Intelligence and the Web
- AI-powered web applications.
- Machine learning frameworks for web development.