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HTML Programming Notes Unit 1 – 5
Unit 1: Introduction to HTML
HTML is the standard language used to create and design web pages. It provides the structure for web content by using elements defined with tags, such as <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <img> for images.
Unit 2: Images, Multimedia, and Forms
The <img> tag is used to embed images with attributes like src for the file path and alt for alternative text.
Unit 3: Tables and Frames
The <table> tag creates tables for displaying data in rows and columns, with related tags like <tr> for rows, <td> for cells and <th> for headers.
Unit 4: HTML 5 Features and Semantic Elements
HTML5 introduces new features and semantic elements to enhance the structure, functionality, and accessibility of web pages. Semantic elements like <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>.
Unit 5: CSS and Responsive Design
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements, enabling control over layout, colors, fonts, and overall visual presentation of a webpage.
Syllabus of HTML Programming
UNIT – 1
1. Introduction to HTML
- What is HTML?: Understanding the role of HTML in web development.
- History and Evolution: Overview of HTML versions, from HTML to HTML5.
- Basic Structure of an HTML Document: DOCTYPE declaration,
<html>,<head>,<title>, and<body>tags.
UNIT – 2
2. HTML Elements and Attributes
- Elements and Tags: Understanding HTML elements and their structure.
- Attributes: Global attributes (id, class, style, title, etc.) and element-specific attributes.
UNIT – 3
3. Text Formatting and Styles
- Text Elements: Headings (
<h1>to<h6>), paragraphs (<p>), line breaks (<br>), and horizontal rules (<hr>). - Text Formatting Tags: Bold (
<b>,<strong>), italic (<i>,<em>), underline (<u>), and more. - Inline vs. Block Elements: Differences and examples of inline and block elements.
UNIT – 4
4. Lists
- Ordered Lists: Creating numbered lists using
<ol>and<li>. - Unordered Lists: Creating bulleted lists using
<ul>and<li>. - Definition Lists: Using
<dl>,<dt>, and<dd>to define lists.
UNIT – 5
5. Links and Navigation
- Creating Links: Using the
<a>tag with href attribute. - Internal vs. External Links: Linking within the same page and to external pages.
- Anchor Links: Linking to specific parts of a page using
idattribute.
UNIT – 6
6. Images and Multimedia
- Inserting Images: Using the
<img>tag with src, alt, width, and height attributes. - Embedding Multimedia: Embedding audio (
<audio>) and video (<video>) content with controls.
UNIT – 7
7. Tables
- Creating Tables: Using
<table>,<tr>,<th>, and<td>tags. - Table Attributes: Border, cellpadding, cellspacing, and more.
- Table Headers and Footers: Using
<head>,<body>, and<foot>.
UNIT – 8
8. Forms and Input
- Creating Forms: Using the
<form>tag with action and method attributes. - Form Elements: Input types (text, password, email, number, etc.),
<textarea>,<select>,<option>,<button>, and more. - Form Validation: Basic form validation using HTML attributes (required, pattern, etc.).
UNIT – 9
9. HTML5 Semantic Elements
- Introduction to HTML5 Semantics: Understanding the importance of semantic elements.
- Common Semantic Elements:
<header>,<nav>,<section>,<article>,<aside>,<footer>, and more. - ARIA Roles and Accessibility: Enhancing web accessibility with ARIA roles.
UNIT – 10
10. CSS Basics (Introduction)
- What is CSS?: Understanding the role of CSS in web design.
- Inline, Internal, and External CSS: Different ways to apply CSS to HTML.
- Basic CSS Syntax: Selectors, properties, and values.
UNIT – 11
11. Responsive Web Design (Introduction)
- Introduction to Responsive Design: Importance and principles of responsive design.
- Viewport Meta Tag: Using
<meta name="viewport">. - Media Queries: Basic introduction to CSS media queries for responsive design.
UNIT – 12
12. HTML Best Practices
- Code Organization: Writing clean, well-organized, and maintainable HTML code.
- Validation: Using W3C HTML validator to ensure code validity.
- Accessibility: Ensuring web accessibility for users with disabilities.