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Data Structures with C Notes Unit 1 – 7
Unit 1: Basic concepts of data representation
“Data representation” refers to the methods used to encode and store data in a format that can be processed by computers.
Unit 2: Arrays
An “Arrays” is a fundamental data structure used to store a collection of elements, typically of the same data type, in a contiguous block of memory.
Unit 3: Stacks and queues
“Stacks and queues” are both linear data structures used to manage collections of elements, but they differ in how elements are added and removed.
Unit 4: Linked lists
A “Linked lists” is a linear data structure in which elements, known as nodes, are stored in a sequence. Each node contains two parts: the data and a reference (or pointer) to the next node in the sequence.
Unit 5: Trees
A “Tree” is a hierarchical data structure composed of nodes, where each node stores a value and references to its child nodes.
Syllabus of Data Structures
UNIT – 1
1. Introduction to Data Structures
- Definition and Importance: Understanding the role of data structures in problem-solving and efficient algorithm design.
- Classification: Primitive and non-primitive data structures, linear and non-linear data structures.
UNIT – 2
2. Arrays
- Introduction to Arrays: Definition, types (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, multi-dimensional).
- Array Operations: Insertion, deletion, traversal, searching, and sorting.
- Applications: Practical applications of arrays in various scenarios.
UNIT – 3
3. Linked Lists
- Introduction to Linked Lists: Definition, advantages over arrays, types (singly, doubly, circular linked lists).
- Operations on Linked Lists: Insertion, deletion, traversal, searching, and reversing.
- Applications: Implementing stacks and queues using linked lists.
UNIT – 4
4. Stacks
- Definition and Concepts: LIFO (Last In, First Out) principle, stack operations (push, pop, peek).
- Implementation: Using arrays and linked lists.
- Applications: Function calls, expression evaluation (infix, postfix, prefix), recursion.
UNIT – 5
5. Queues
- Definition and Concepts: FIFO (First In, First Out) principle, queue operations (enqueue, dequeue, front, rear).
- Types of Queues: Simple queue, circular queue, priority queue, double-ended queue (deque).
- Implementation: Using arrays and linked lists.
- Applications: Job scheduling, simulation, breadth-first search (BFS).
UNIT – 6
6. Trees
- Introduction to Trees: Basic terminology (root, leaf, child, parent, sibling), types of trees (binary tree, binary search tree, AVL tree, etc.).
- Binary Trees: Representation, traversal methods (in-order, pre-order, post-order).
- Binary Search Trees (BST): Properties, operations (insertion, deletion, searching).
- Balanced Trees: AVL trees, rotations for balancing.
UNIT – 7
7. Graphs
- Introduction to Graphs: Basic terminology (vertices, edges, degree, path, cycle), types of graphs (directed, undirected, weighted, unweighted).
- Graph Representations: Adjacency matrix, adjacency list.
- Graph Traversals: Depth-first search (DFS), breadth-first search (BFS).
- Applications: Shortest path algorithms (Dijkstra’s, Floyd-Warshall), minimum spanning tree (Kruskal’s, Prim’s).
UNIT – 8
8. Hashing
- Introduction to Hashing: Hash functions, properties of good hash functions.
- Collision Resolution Techniques: Open addressing, chaining.
- Applications: Implementing dictionaries, databases.
UNIT – 9
9. Sorting and Searching Algorithms
- Sorting Algorithms: Bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, merge sort, quick sort, heap sort.
- Searching Algorithms: Linear search, binary search.
- Algorithm Analysis: Time complexity and space complexity.
UNIT – 10
10. File Handling
- Basic Concepts: Types of files (text, binary), file operations (open, close, read, write).
- File Handling in C: Using file pointers, seek, tell, read, write functions.
- Applications: Reading and writing data structures to files.