Free Download Computer System Architecture Notes in pdf – Bca 1st Semester. High quality, well-structured, and Standard Notes that are easy to remember.
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Computer System Architecture Notes Unit 1 – 5
Unit 1: Introduction to Computer Architecture
“Computer Architecture” refers to the basic concepts and components that make up a computer system. It includes an understanding of hardware, such as the CPU, memory, etc.
Unit 2: Digital logic and Arithmetic
“Digital logic and arithmetic” are fundamental concepts in computer science and electronics that deal with binary systems (0s and 1s) to perform computations and decision-making processes in digital circuits.
Unit 3: CPU Organization
“CPU organization” refers to the internal structure and design of the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which is the brain of the computer responsible for executing instructions.
Unit 4: Memory organization
“Memory organization” refers to the structured arrangement of different types of memory within a computer system to optimize data storage and access.
Unit 5: Data transfer
“Data transfer” refers to the process of moving data between different components of a computer system, such as between memory and the CPU, or between the CPU and input/output devices.
Scope of Computer System Architecture
Cloud-based computing, commonly referred to as cloud computing, uses remote servers and networks in place of just a local computer or server to store, administer, and process data and applications.
- A distributed computing paradigm, Edge computing processes data at the network’s edge, nearer to the data source.
- Quantum computing uses quantum-mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to process information. It can potentially be beneficial because it can tackle issues that are difficult for traditional computers to handle.
Objectives of computer system architecture
Upon completion of the course student shall be able to –
- Know the difference between computer organization and computer architecture.
- Understand units of measure common to computer systems.
- Appreciate the evolution of computers.
- Understand the computer as a layered system.
- Be able to explain the von Neumann architecture and the function of basic computer components
Syllabus of computer system architecture
UNIT – 1
1. Introduction to Computer Architecture
- Definition: Computer architecture refers to the design and organization of the computer’s components and systems.
- Key Components: Central Processing Unit (CPU): Executes instructions, processes data. Memory: Stores data and instructions (RAM, ROM).
- Input/Output (I/O) Devices: Interface for user interaction (keyboard, mouse, printer).
- Basic Concepts: Von Neumann Architecture: A design model that describes a system where the CPU, memory, and I/O are connected via a bus.
UNIT – 2
2. Digital Logic and Arithmetic
- Boolean Algebra: Basic operations, simplification techniques, truth tables.
- Digital Circuits: Logic gates, combinational and sequential circuits.
- Number Systems: Binary, octal, hexadecimal, conversion methods, and arithmetic operations.
- Binary Arithmetic: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division in binary; arithmetic logic unit (ALU) operation.
UNIT – 3
3. CPU Organization
- CPU Structure: ALU, registers, control unit, buses, and timing.
- Instruction Set Architecture (ISA): Instruction types, addressing modes, instruction formats.
- Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle: How instructions are processed by the CPU.
- Pipelining: Concepts of instruction pipelining, hazards, and performance enhancement.
UNIT – 4
4. Memory Organization
- Memory Hierarchy: Cache memory, main memory, secondary storage.
- Types of Memory: RAM, ROM, SRAM, DRAM, virtual memory.
- Memory Management: Paging, segmentation, and memory allocation techniques.
- Cache Organization and Replacement Policies: Techniques for optimizing access speed.
UNIT – 5
5. Input/Output (I/O) Devices and Data Transfer
- I/O Devices: Types and functions (e.g., keyboard, monitor, printer, disk drives).
- I/O Ports and Controllers: Interface between hardware and software.
- Data Transfer Techniques: Programmed I/O, interrupt-driven I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA).
- Bus Architecture: Types of buses (data, address, control buses) and their role in data transfer.
Recommended Books and Resources
- “Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface” by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy.
- “Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach” by John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson.
- Online resources and courses (e.g., Coursera, edX, Khan Academy).
Practical Assignments
- Digital Logic Projects: Designing and simulating logic circuits.
- Assembly Language Programs: Simple arithmetic operations, control structures, I/O handling.
- Processor Simulation: Using simulators to understand instruction execution, pipelining, and caching.